plotting.py

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from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import print_function
import ROOT as R
import math
from array import array
import re
import json
import types
import six
from six.moves import range
 
COL_STORE = []
 
 
 
 
def SetTDRStyle():
    """Sets the PubComm recommended style
 
    Just a copy of <http://ghm.web.cern.ch/ghm/plots/MacroExample/tdrstyle.C>
    @sa ModTDRStyle() to use this style with some additional customisation.
    """
    # For the canvas:
    R.gStyle.SetCanvasBorderMode(0)
    R.gStyle.SetCanvasColor(R.kWhite)
    R.gStyle.SetCanvasDefH(600)  # Height of canvas
    R.gStyle.SetCanvasDefW(600)  # Width of canvas
    R.gStyle.SetCanvasDefX(0)    # POsition on screen
    R.gStyle.SetCanvasDefY(0)
 
    # For the Pad:
    R.gStyle.SetPadBorderMode(0)
    # R.gStyle.SetPadBorderSize(Width_t size = 1)
    R.gStyle.SetPadColor(R.kWhite)
    R.gStyle.SetPadGridX(False)
    R.gStyle.SetPadGridY(False)
    R.gStyle.SetGridColor(0)
    R.gStyle.SetGridStyle(3)
    R.gStyle.SetGridWidth(1)
 
    # For the frame:
    R.gStyle.SetFrameBorderMode(0)
    R.gStyle.SetFrameBorderSize(1)
    R.gStyle.SetFrameFillColor(0)
    R.gStyle.SetFrameFillStyle(0)
    R.gStyle.SetFrameLineColor(1)
    R.gStyle.SetFrameLineStyle(1)
    R.gStyle.SetFrameLineWidth(1)
 
    # For the histo:
    # R.gStyle.SetHistFillColor(1)
    # R.gStyle.SetHistFillStyle(0)
    R.gStyle.SetHistLineColor(1)
    R.gStyle.SetHistLineStyle(0)
    R.gStyle.SetHistLineWidth(1)
    # R.gStyle.SetLegoInnerR(Float_t rad = 0.5)
    # R.gStyle.SetNumberContours(Int_t number = 20)
 
    R.gStyle.SetEndErrorSize(2)
    # R.gStyle.SetErrorMarker(20)
    # R.gStyle.SetErrorX(0.)
 
    R.gStyle.SetMarkerStyle(20)
 
    # For the fit/function:
    R.gStyle.SetOptFit(1)
    R.gStyle.SetFitFormat('5.4g')
    R.gStyle.SetFuncColor(2)
    R.gStyle.SetFuncStyle(1)
    R.gStyle.SetFuncWidth(1)
 
    # For the date:
    R.gStyle.SetOptDate(0)
    # R.gStyle.SetDateX(Float_t x = 0.01)
    # R.gStyle.SetDateY(Float_t y = 0.01)
 
    # For the statistics box:
    R.gStyle.SetOptFile(0)
    R.gStyle.SetOptStat(0)
    # To display the mean and RMS:   SetOptStat('mr')
    R.gStyle.SetStatColor(R.kWhite)
    R.gStyle.SetStatFont(42)
    R.gStyle.SetStatFontSize(0.025)
    R.gStyle.SetStatTextColor(1)
    R.gStyle.SetStatFormat('6.4g')
    R.gStyle.SetStatBorderSize(1)
    R.gStyle.SetStatH(0.1)
    R.gStyle.SetStatW(0.15)
    # R.gStyle.SetStatStyle(Style_t style = 1001)
    # R.gStyle.SetStatX(Float_t x = 0)
    # R.gStyle.SetStatY(Float_t y = 0)
 
    # Margins:
    R.gStyle.SetPadTopMargin(0.05)
    R.gStyle.SetPadBottomMargin(0.13)
    R.gStyle.SetPadLeftMargin(0.16)
    R.gStyle.SetPadRightMargin(0.02)
 
    # For the Global title:
    R.gStyle.SetOptTitle(0)
    R.gStyle.SetTitleFont(42)
    R.gStyle.SetTitleColor(1)
    R.gStyle.SetTitleTextColor(1)
    R.gStyle.SetTitleFillColor(10)
    R.gStyle.SetTitleFontSize(0.05)
    # R.gStyle.SetTitleH(0); # Set the height of the title box
    # R.gStyle.SetTitleW(0); # Set the width of the title box
    # R.gStyle.SetTitleX(0); # Set the position of the title box
    # R.gStyle.SetTitleY(0.985); # Set the position of the title box
    # R.gStyle.SetTitleStyle(Style_t style = 1001)
    # R.gStyle.SetTitleBorderSize(2)
 
    # For the axis titles:
    R.gStyle.SetTitleColor(1, 'XYZ')
    R.gStyle.SetTitleFont(42, 'XYZ')
    R.gStyle.SetTitleSize(0.06, 'XYZ')
    # Another way to set the size?
    # R.gStyle.SetTitleXSize(Float_t size = 0.02)
    # R.gStyle.SetTitleYSize(Float_t size = 0.02)
    R.gStyle.SetTitleXOffset(0.9)
    R.gStyle.SetTitleYOffset(1.25)
    # R.gStyle.SetTitleOffset(1.1, 'Y'); # Another way to set the Offset
 
    # For the axis labels:
 
    R.gStyle.SetLabelColor(1, 'XYZ')
    R.gStyle.SetLabelFont(42, 'XYZ')
    R.gStyle.SetLabelOffset(0.007, 'XYZ')
    R.gStyle.SetLabelSize(0.05, 'XYZ')
 
    # For the axis:
 
    R.gStyle.SetAxisColor(1, 'XYZ')
    R.gStyle.SetStripDecimals(True)
    R.gStyle.SetTickLength(0.03, 'XYZ')
    R.gStyle.SetNdivisions(510, 'XYZ')
    R.gStyle.SetPadTickX(1)
    R.gStyle.SetPadTickY(1)
 
    # Change for log plots:
    R.gStyle.SetOptLogx(0)
    R.gStyle.SetOptLogy(0)
    R.gStyle.SetOptLogz(0)
 
    # Postscript options:
    R.gStyle.SetPaperSize(20., 20.)
    # R.gStyle.SetLineScalePS(Float_t scale = 3)
    # R.gStyle.SetLineStyleString(Int_t i, const char* text)
    # R.gStyle.SetHeaderPS(const char* header)
    # R.gStyle.SetTitlePS(const char* pstitle)
 
    # R.gStyle.SetBarOffset(Float_t baroff = 0.5)
    # R.gStyle.SetBarWidth(Float_t barwidth = 0.5)
    # R.gStyle.SetPaintTextFormat(const char* format = 'g')
    # R.gStyle.SetPalette(Int_t ncolors = 0, Int_t* colors = 0)
    # R.gStyle.SetTimeOffset(Double_t toffset)
    # R.gStyle.SetHistMinimumZero(kTRUE)
 
    R.gStyle.SetHatchesLineWidth(5)
    R.gStyle.SetHatchesSpacing(0.05)
 
 
def ModTDRStyle(width=600, height=600, t=0.06, b=0.12, l=0.16, r=0.04):
    """Modified version of the tdrStyle
 
    Args:
        width (int): Canvas width in pixels
        height (int): Canvas height in pixels
        t (float): Pad top margin [0-1]
        b (float): Pad bottom margin [0-1]
        l (float): Pad left margin [0-1]
        r (float): Pad right margin [0-1]
    """
    SetTDRStyle()
 
    # Set the default canvas width and height in pixels
    R.gStyle.SetCanvasDefW(width)
    R.gStyle.SetCanvasDefH(height)
 
    # Set the default margins. These are given as fractions of the pad height
    # for `Top` and `Bottom` and the pad width for `Left` and `Right`. But we
    # want to specify all of these as fractions of the shortest length.
    def_w = float(R.gStyle.GetCanvasDefW())
    def_h = float(R.gStyle.GetCanvasDefH())
 
    scale_h = (def_w / def_h) if (def_h > def_w) else 1.
    scale_w = (def_h / def_w) if (def_w > def_h) else 1.
 
    def_min = def_h if (def_h < def_w) else def_w
 
    R.gStyle.SetPadTopMargin(t * scale_h)
    # default 0.05
    R.gStyle.SetPadBottomMargin(b * scale_h)
    # default 0.13
    R.gStyle.SetPadLeftMargin(l * scale_w)
    # default 0.16
    R.gStyle.SetPadRightMargin(r * scale_w)
    # default 0.02
    # But note the new CMS style sets these:
    # 0.08, 0.12, 0.12, 0.04
 
    # Set number of axis tick divisions
    R.gStyle.SetNdivisions(506, 'XYZ')  # default 510
 
    # Some marker properties not set in the default tdr style
    R.gStyle.SetMarkerColor(R.kBlack)
    R.gStyle.SetMarkerSize(1.0)
 
    R.gStyle.SetLabelOffset(0.007, 'YZ')
    # This is an adhoc adjustment to scale the x-axis label
    # offset when we stretch plot vertically
    # Will also need to increase if first x-axis label has more than one digit
    R.gStyle.SetLabelOffset(0.005 * (3. - 2. / scale_h), 'X')
 
    # In this next part we do a slightly involved calculation to set the axis
    # title offsets, depending on the values of the TPad dimensions and
    # margins. This is to try and ensure that regardless of how these pad
    # values are set, the axis titles will be located towards the edges of the
    # canvas and not get pushed off the edge - which can often happen if a
    # fixed value is used.
    title_size = 0.05
    title_px = title_size * def_min
    label_size = 0.04
    R.gStyle.SetTitleSize(title_size, 'XYZ')
    R.gStyle.SetLabelSize(label_size, 'XYZ')
 
    R.gStyle.SetTitleXOffset(0.5 * scale_h *
                             (1.2 * (def_h * b * scale_h - 0.6 * title_px)) /
                             title_px)
    R.gStyle.SetTitleYOffset(0.5 * scale_w *
                             (1.2 * (def_w * l * scale_w - 0.6 * title_px)) /
                             title_px)
 
    # Only draw ticks where we have an axis
    R.gStyle.SetPadTickX(0)
    R.gStyle.SetPadTickY(0)
    R.gStyle.SetTickLength(0.02, 'XYZ')
 
    R.gStyle.SetLegendBorderSize(0)
    R.gStyle.SetLegendFont(42)
    R.gStyle.SetLegendFillColor(0)
    R.gStyle.SetFillColor(0)
 
    R.gROOT.ForceStyle()
 
 
def SetBirdPalette():
    nRGBs = 9
    stops = array(
        'd', [0.0000, 0.1250, 0.2500, 0.3750, 0.5000, 0.6250, 0.7500, 0.8750, 1.0000])
    red = array(
        'd', [0.2082, 0.0592, 0.0780, 0.0232, 0.1802, 0.5301, 0.8186, 0.9956, 0.9764])
    green = array(
        'd', [0.1664, 0.3599, 0.5041, 0.6419, 0.7178, 0.7492, 0.7328, 0.7862, 0.9832])
    blue = array(
        'd', [0.5293, 0.8684, 0.8385, 0.7914, 0.6425, 0.4662, 0.3499, 0.1968, 0.0539])
    R.TColor.CreateGradientColorTable(nRGBs, stops, red, green, blue, 255, 1)
 
 
def SetDeepSeaPalette():
    nRGBs = 9
    stops = array(
        'd', [0.0000, 0.1250, 0.2500, 0.3750, 0.5000, 0.6250, 0.7500, 0.8750, 1.0000])
    red = array(
        'd', reversed([0./255.,  9./255., 13./255., 17./255., 24./255.,  32./255.,  27./255.,  25./255.,  29./255.]))
    green = array(
        'd', reversed([0./255.,  0./255.,  0./255.,  2./255., 37./255.,  74./255., 113./255., 160./255., 221./255.]))
    blue = array(
        'd', reversed([28./255., 42./255., 59./255., 78./255., 98./255., 129./255., 154./255., 184./255., 221./255.]))
    R.TColor.CreateGradientColorTable(nRGBs, stops, red, green, blue, 255, 1)
 
 
def SetCorrMatrixPalette():
    R.TColor.CreateGradientColorTable(3,
                                      array ("d", [0.00, 0.50, 1.00]),
                                      array ("d", [1.00, 1.00, 0.00]),
                                      array ("d", [0.70, 1.00, 0.34]),
                                      array ("d", [0.00, 1.00, 0.82]),
                                      255,  1.0)
 
 
def CreateTransparentColor(color, alpha):
    adapt = R.gROOT.GetColor(color)
    new_idx = R.gROOT.GetListOfColors().GetLast() + 1
    trans = R.TColor(
        new_idx, adapt.GetRed(), adapt.GetGreen(), adapt.GetBlue(), '', alpha)
    COL_STORE.append(trans)
    trans.SetName('userColor%i' % new_idx)
    return new_idx
 
 
def Set(obj, **kwargs):
    for key, value in six.iteritems(kwargs):
        if value is None:
            getattr(obj, 'Set' + key)()
        elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            getattr(obj, 'Set' + key)(*value)
        else:
            getattr(obj, 'Set' + key)(value)
 
 
 
 
 
 
def OnePad():
    pad = R.TPad('pad', 'pad', 0., 0., 1., 1.)
    pad.Draw()
    pad.cd()
    result = [pad]
    return result
 
 
def TwoPadSplit(split_point, gap_low, gap_high):
    upper = R.TPad('upper', 'upper', 0., 0., 1., 1.)
    upper.SetBottomMargin(split_point + gap_high)
    upper.SetFillStyle(4000)
    upper.Draw()
    lower = R.TPad('lower', 'lower', 0., 0., 1., 1.)
    lower.SetTopMargin(1 - split_point + gap_low)
    lower.SetFillStyle(4000)
    lower.Draw()
    upper.cd()
    result = [upper, lower]
    return result
 
def ThreePadSplit(upper_split_point, split_point, gap_low, gap_high):
    upper2 = R.TPad('upper2', 'upper2', 0., 0., 1., 1.)
    upper2.SetTopMargin(1 - upper_split_point)
    upper2.SetBottomMargin(split_point + gap_high)
    upper2.SetFillStyle(4000)
    upper2.Draw()
    upper1 = R.TPad('upper1', 'upper1', 0., 0., 1., 1.)
    upper1.SetBottomMargin(upper_split_point)
    upper1.SetFillStyle(4000)
    upper1.Draw()
    lower = R.TPad('lower', 'lower', 0., 0., 1., 1.)
    lower.SetTopMargin(1 - split_point + gap_low)
    lower.SetFillStyle(4000)
    lower.Draw()
    upper1.cd()
    result = [upper1, lower, upper2]
    return result
 
def MultiRatioSplit(split_points, gaps_low, gaps_high):
    """Create a set of TPads split vertically on the TCanvas
 
    This is a generalisation of the two pad main/ratio split but for the case
    of multiple ratio pads.
 
    Args:
 
        split_points (list[float]): Height of each ratio pad as a fraction of the
        canvas height. Pads will be created from the bottom of the frame
        upwards. The final, main pad will occupy however much space remains,
        therefore the size of this list should be [number of pads] - 1.
        gaps_low (list[float]): Gaps between ratio pad frames created on the
        lower pad side at each boundary. Give  a list of zeroes for no gap
        between pad frames. Should be the same length as `split_points`.1
        gaps_high (list[float]): Gaps between ratio pad frames created on the
        upper pad side at each boundary. Give a list of zeroes for no gap
        between pad frames.
 
    Returns:
        list[TPad]: List of TPads, indexed from top to bottom on the canvas.
    """
    pads = []
    for i in range(len(split_points)+1):
        pad = R.TPad('pad%i'%i, '', 0., 0., 1., 1.)
        if i > 0:
            pad.SetBottomMargin(sum(split_points[0:i])+gaps_high[i-1])
        if i < len(split_points):
            pad.SetTopMargin(1.-sum(split_points[0:i+1])+gaps_low[i])
        pad.SetFillStyle(4000)
        pad.Draw()
        pads.append(pad)
    pads.reverse()
    return pads
 
 
def TwoPadSplitColumns(split_point, gap_left, gap_right):
    left = R.TPad('left', 'left', 0., 0., 1., 1.)
    left.SetRightMargin(1 - split_point + gap_right)
    left.SetFillStyle(4000)
    left.Draw()
    right = R.TPad('right', 'right', 0., 0., 1., 1.)
    right.SetLeftMargin(split_point + gap_left)
    right.SetFillStyle(4000)
    right.Draw()
    left.cd()
    result = [left, right]
    return result
 
 
def MultiRatioSplitColumns(split_points, gaps_left, gaps_right):
    pads = []
    for i in range(len(split_points)+1):
        pad = R.TPad('pad%i'%i, '', 0., 0., 1., 1.)
        if i > 0:
            pad.SetLeftMargin(sum(split_points[0:i])+gaps_left[i-1])
        if i < len(split_points):
            pad.SetRightMargin(1.-sum(split_points[0:i+1])+gaps_right[i])
        pad.SetFillStyle(4000)
        pad.Draw()
        pads.append(pad)
    pads[0].cd()
    # pads.reverse()
    return pads
 
 
def SetupTwoPadSplitAsRatio(pads, upper, lower, y_title, y_centered,
                               y_min, y_max):
    if lower.GetXaxis().GetTitle() == '':
        lower.GetXaxis().SetTitle(upper.GetXaxis().GetTitle())
    upper.GetXaxis().SetTitle("")
    upper.GetXaxis().SetLabelSize(0)
    upper_h = 1. - pads[0].GetTopMargin() - pads[0].GetBottomMargin()
    lower_h = 1. - pads[1].GetTopMargin() - pads[1].GetBottomMargin()
    lower.GetYaxis().SetTickLength(R.gStyle.GetTickLength() * upper_h / lower_h)
    pads[1].SetTickx(1)
    pads[1].SetTicky(1)
    lower.GetYaxis().SetTitle(y_title)
    lower.GetYaxis().CenterTitle(y_centered)
    if y_max > y_min:
        lower.SetMinimum(y_min)
        lower.SetMaximum(y_max)
 
 
def StandardAxes(xaxis, yaxis, var, units, fmt='.1f'):
    width = xaxis.GetBinWidth(1)
    w_label = ("%"+fmt) % width
    if units == "":
        xaxis.SetTitle(var)
        yaxis.SetTitle("Events / " + w_label)
    else:
        xaxis.SetTitle(var + " (" + units + ")")
        yaxis.SetTitle("Events / " + w_label + " " + units)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
def CreateAxisHist(src, at_limits=True):
    backup = R.gPad
    tmp = R.TCanvas()
    tmp.cd()
    src.Draw('AP')
    result = src.GetHistogram().Clone('tmp')
    if (at_limits):
        min = 0.
        max = 0.
        x = R.Double(0.)
        y = R.Double(0.)
        src.GetPoint(0, x, y)
        min = float(x)
        max = float(x)
        for i in range(1, src.GetN()):
            src.GetPoint(i, x, y)
            if x < min:
                min = float(x)
            if x > max:
                max = float(x)
        result.GetXaxis().SetLimits(min, max)
    R.gPad = backup
    return result
 
 
def CreateAxisHists(n, src, at_limits):
    res = []
    h = CreateAxisHist(src, at_limits)
    for i in range(n):
        res.append(h.Clone('tmp%i'%i))
    return res
 
 
def GetAxisHist(pad):
    pad_obs = pad.GetListOfPrimitives()
    if pad_obs is None:
        return None
    obj = None
    for obj in pad_obs:
        if obj.InheritsFrom(R.TH1.Class()):
            return obj
        if obj.InheritsFrom(R.TMultiGraph.Class()):
            return obj.GetHistogram()
        if obj.InheritsFrom(R.TGraph.Class()):
            return obj.GetHistogram()
        if obj.InheritsFrom(R.THStack.Class()):
            return obj.GetHistogram()
    return None
 
 
 
 
 
 
def TFileIsGood(filename):
    """Performs a series of tests on a TFile to ensure that it can be opened
    without errors
 
    Args:
        filename: `str` The name of the TFile to check
 
    Returns:
        `bool` True if the file can opened, is not a zombie, and if ROOT did
        not need to try and recover the contents
    """
    fin = R.TFile(filename)
    if not fin:
        return False
    if fin and not fin.IsOpen():
        return False
    elif fin and fin.IsOpen() and fin.IsZombie():
        fin.Close()
        return False
    elif fin and fin.IsOpen() and fin.TestBit(R.TFile.kRecovered):
        fin.Close()
        # don't consider a recovered file to be OK
        return False
    else:
        fin.Close()
        return True
 
 
def MakeTChain(files, tree):
    chain = R.TChain(tree)
    for f in files:
        chain.Add(f)
    return chain
 
 
def Get(file, obj):
    R.TH1.AddDirectory(False)
    f_in = R.TFile(file)
    res = R.gDirectory.Get(obj)
    f_in.Close()
    return res
 
 
def ParamFromFilename(filename, param):
    if len(re.findall(param + '\.\d+\.\d+', filename)):
        num1 = re.findall(
            param + '\.\d+\.\d+', filename)[0].replace(param + '.', '')
        return float(num1)
    elif len(re.findall(param + '\.\d+', filename)):
        num1 = re.findall(param + '\.\d+', filename)[0].replace(param + '.', '')
        return int(num1)
    else:
        print("Error: parameter " + param + " not found in filename")
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
def TGraphFromTree(tree, xvar, yvar, selection):
    tree.Draw(xvar + ':' + yvar, selection, 'goff')
    gr = R.TGraph(tree.GetSelectedRows(), tree.GetV1(), tree.GetV2())
    return gr
 
 
def TGraph2DFromTree(tree, xvar,  yvar, zvar, selection):
    tree.Draw(xvar + ':' + yvar + ':' + zvar, selection, 'goff')
    gr = R.TGraph2D(
        tree.GetSelectedRows(), tree.GetV1(), tree.GetV2(), tree.GetV3())
    return gr
 
 
def RocCurveFrom1DHists(h_x, h_y, cut_is_greater_than):
    backup = R.TH1.AddDirectoryStatus()
    R.TH1.AddDirectory(False)
    x_den = h_x.Clone()
    x_num = h_x.Clone()
    x_err = R.Double(0.)
    x_int = h_x.IntegralAndError(0, h_x.GetNbinsX() + 1, x_err)
    for i in range(1, h_x.GetNbinsX() + 1):
        x_part_err = R.Double(0.)
        x_part_int = h_x.IntegralAndError(i, h_x.GetNbinsX(
        ) + 1, x_part_err) if cut_is_greater_than else h_x.IntegralAndError(0, i, x_part_err)
        x_den.SetBinContent(i, x_int)
        x_den.SetBinError(i, x_err)
        x_num.SetBinContent(i, x_part_int)
        x_num.SetBinError(i, x_part_err)
    y_den = h_y.Clone()
    y_num = h_y.Clone()
    y_err = R.Double(0.)
    y_int = h_y.IntegralAndError(0, h_y.GetNbinsX() + 1, y_err)
    for i in range(1, h_y.GetNbinsX() + 1):
        y_part_err = R.Double(0.)
        y_part_int = h_y.IntegralAndError(i, h_y.GetNbinsX(
        ) + 1, y_part_err) if cut_is_greater_than else h_y.IntegralAndError(0, i, y_part_err)
        y_den.SetBinContent(i, y_int)
        y_den.SetBinError(i, y_err)
        y_num.SetBinContent(i, y_part_int)
        y_num.SetBinError(i, y_part_err)
    # x_den.Print('all')
    # x_num.Print('all')
    # y_den.Print('all')
    # y_num.Print('all')
    x_gr = R.TGraphAsymmErrors(x_num, x_den)
    y_gr = R.TGraphAsymmErrors(y_num, y_den)
 
    res = y_gr.Clone()
    for i in range(0, res.GetN()):
        res.GetX()[i] = x_gr.GetY()[i]
        res.GetEXlow()[i] = x_gr.GetEYlow()[i]
        res.GetEXhigh()[i] = x_gr.GetEYhigh()[i]
    res.Sort()
    R.TH1.AddDirectory(backup)
    return res
 
 
def TH2FromTGraph2D(graph, method='BinEdgeAligned',
                    force_x_width=None,
                    force_y_width=None):
    """Build an empty TH2 from the set of points in a TGraph2D
 
    There is no unique way to define a TH2 binning given an arbitrary
    TGraph2D, therefore this function supports multiple named methods:
 
     - `BinEdgeAligned` simply takes the sets of x- and y- values in the
       TGraph2D and uses these as the bin edge arrays in the TH2. The
       implication of this is that when filling the bin contents interpolation
       will be required when evaluating the TGraph2D at the bin centres.
     - `BinCenterAligned` will try to have the TGraph2D points at the bin
       centers, but this will only work completely correctly when the input
       point spacing is regular. The algorithm first identifies the bin width
       as the smallest interval between points on each axis. The start
       position of the TH2 axis is then defined as the lowest value in the
       TGraph2D minus half this width, and the axis continues with regular
       bins until the graph maximum is passed.
 
    Args:
        graph (TGraph2D): Should have at least two unique x and y values,
            otherwise we can't define any bins
        method (str): The binning algorithm to use
        force_x_width (bool): Override the derived x-axis bin width in the
            CenterAligned method
        force_y_width (bool): Override the derived y-axis bin width in the
            CenterAligned method
 
    Raises:
        RuntimeError: If the method name is not recognised
 
    Returns:
        TH2F: The exact binning of the TH2F depends on the chosen method
    """
    x_vals = set()
    y_vals = set()
 
    for i in range(graph.GetN()):
        x_vals.add(graph.GetX()[i])
        y_vals.add(graph.GetY()[i])
 
    x_vals = sorted(x_vals)
    y_vals = sorted(y_vals)
    if method == 'BinEdgeAligned':
        h_proto = R.TH2F('prototype', '',
                         len(x_vals) - 1, array('d', x_vals),
                         len(y_vals) - 1, array('d', y_vals))
    elif method == 'BinCenterAligned':
        x_widths = []
        y_widths = []
        for i in range(1, len(x_vals)):
            x_widths.append(x_vals[i] - x_vals[i - 1])
        for i in range(1, len(y_vals)):
            y_widths.append(y_vals[i] - y_vals[i - 1])
        x_min = min(x_widths) if force_x_width is None else force_x_width
        y_min = min(y_widths) if force_y_width is None else force_y_width
        x_bins = int(((x_vals[-1] - (x_vals[0] - 0.5 * x_min)) / x_min) + 0.5)
        y_bins = int(((y_vals[-1] - (y_vals[0] - 0.5 * y_min)) / y_min) + 0.5)
        print('[TH2FromTGraph2D] x-axis binning: (%i, %g, %g)' % (x_bins, x_vals[0] - 0.5 * x_min, x_vals[0] - 0.5 * x_min + x_bins * x_min))
        print('[TH2FromTGraph2D] y-axis binning: (%i, %g, %g)' % (y_bins, y_vals[0] - 0.5 * y_min, y_vals[0] - 0.5 * y_min + y_bins * y_min))
        # Use a number slightly smaller than 0.49999 because the TGraph2D interpolation
        # is fussy about evaluating on the boundary
        h_proto = R.TH2F('prototype', '',
                         x_bins, x_vals[
                             0] - 0.49999 * x_min, x_vals[0] - 0.50001 * x_min + x_bins * x_min,
                         y_bins, y_vals[0] - 0.49999 * y_min, y_vals[0] - 0.50001 * y_min + y_bins * y_min)
    else:
        raise RuntimeError(
            '[TH2FromTGraph2D] Method %s not supported' % method)
    h_proto.SetDirectory(0)
    return h_proto
 
 
def MakeErrorBand(LowerGraph, UpperGraph):
    errorBand = R.TGraphAsymmErrors()
    lower_list = []
    upper_list = []
    for i in range(LowerGraph.GetN()):
        lower_list.append(
            (float(LowerGraph.GetX()[i]),  float(LowerGraph.GetY()[i])))
        upper_list.append(
            (float(UpperGraph.GetX()[i]),  float(UpperGraph.GetY()[i])))
    lower_list = sorted(set(lower_list))
    upper_list = sorted(set(upper_list))
    for i in range(LowerGraph.GetN()):
        errorBand.SetPoint(i, lower_list[i][0], lower_list[i][1])
        errorBand.SetPointEYlow(i, lower_list[i][1] - lower_list[i][1])
        errorBand.SetPointEYhigh(i, upper_list[i][1] - lower_list[i][1])
    return errorBand
 
 
def LimitTGraphFromJSON(js, label):
    xvals = []
    yvals = []
    for key in js:
        xvals.append(float(key))
        yvals.append(js[key][label])
    graph = R.TGraph(len(xvals), array('d', xvals), array('d', yvals))
    graph.Sort()
    return graph
 
 
def LimitTGraphFromJSONFile(jsfile, label):
    with open(jsfile) as jsonfile:
        js = json.load(jsonfile)
    return LimitTGraphFromJSON(js, label)
 
def ToyTGraphFromJSON(js, label):
    xvals = []
    yvals = []
    if isinstance(label,(str,)):
        for entry in js[label]:
            xvals.append(float(entry))
            yvals.append(1.0)
    else:
        if len(label) == 1:
            return ToyTGraphFromJSON(js,label[0])
        else:
            return ToyTGraphFromJSON(js[label[0]],label[1:])
    graph = R.TGraph(len(xvals), array('d', xvals), array('d', yvals))
    graph.Sort()
    return graph
    # hist = R.TH1F("toy", "toy", 100, min(xvals), max(xvals))
    # for xval in xvals:
        # hist.AddBinContent(hist.GetXaxis().FindBin(xval))
    # return hist
 
 
 
def ToyTGraphFromJSONFile(jsfile, label):
    with open(jsfile) as jsonfile:
        js = json.load(jsonfile)
    return ToyTGraphFromJSON(js, label)
 
def LimitBandTGraphFromJSON(js, central, lo, hi):
    xvals = []
    yvals = []
    yvals_lo = []
    yvals_hi = []
    for key in js:
        xvals.append(float(key))
        yvals.append(js[key][central])
        yvals_lo.append(js[key][central] - js[key][lo])
        yvals_hi.append(js[key][hi] - js[key][central])
    graph = R.TGraphAsymmErrors(len(xvals), array('d', xvals), array('d', yvals), array(
        'd', [0]), array('d', [0]), array('d', yvals_lo), array('d', yvals_hi))
    graph.Sort()
    return graph
 
 
def StandardLimitsFromJSONFile(json_file, draw=['obs', 'exp0', 'exp1', 'exp2']):
    graphs = {}
    data = {}
    with open(json_file) as jsonfile:
        data = json.load(jsonfile)
    if 'obs' in draw:
        graphs['obs'] = LimitTGraphFromJSON(data, 'obs')
    if 'exp0' in draw or 'exp' in draw:
        graphs['exp0'] = LimitTGraphFromJSON(data, 'exp0')
    if 'exp1' in draw or 'exp' in draw:
        graphs['exp1'] = LimitBandTGraphFromJSON(data, 'exp0', 'exp-1', 'exp+1')
    if 'exp2' in draw or 'exp' in draw:
        graphs['exp2'] = LimitBandTGraphFromJSON(data, 'exp0', 'exp-2', 'exp+2')
    return graphs
 
 
def bestFit(tree, x, y, cut):
    nfind = tree.Draw(y + ":" + x, cut + "deltaNLL == 0")
    gr0 = R.TGraph(1)
    if (nfind == 0):
        gr0.SetPoint(0, -999, -999)
    else:
        grc = R.gROOT.FindObject("Graph").Clone()
        if (grc.GetN() > 1):
            grc.Set(1)
        gr0.SetPoint(0, grc.GetXmax(), grc.GetYmax())
    gr0.SetMarkerStyle(34)
    gr0.SetMarkerSize(2.0)
    return gr0
 
 
def treeToHist2D(t, x, y, name, cut, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, xbins, ybins):
    t.Draw("2*deltaNLL:%s:%s>>%s_prof(%d,%10g,%10g,%d,%10g,%10g)" %
           (y, x, name, xbins, xmin, xmax, ybins, ymin, ymax), cut + "deltaNLL != 0", "PROF")
    prof = R.gROOT.FindObject(name + "_prof")
    h2d = R.TH2D(name, name, xbins, xmin, xmax, ybins, ymin, ymax)
    for ix in range(1, xbins + 1):
        for iy in range(1, ybins + 1):
            z = prof.GetBinContent(ix, iy)
            if (z != z) or (z > 4294967295):  # protect against NANs
                z = 0
            h2d.SetBinContent(ix, iy, z)
    h2d.GetXaxis().SetTitle(x)
    h2d.GetYaxis().SetTitle(y)
    h2d.SetDirectory(0)
    h2d = NewInterpolate(h2d)
    return h2d
 
 
def makeHist1D(name, xbins, graph, scaleXrange=1.0, absoluteXrange=None):
    len_x = graph.GetX()[graph.GetN() - 1] - graph.GetX()[0]
    binw_x = (len_x * 0.5 / (float(xbins) - 1.)) - 1E-5
    if absoluteXrange:
        hist = R.TH1F(name, '', xbins, absoluteXrange[0], absoluteXrange[1])
    else:
        hist = R.TH1F(
            name, '', xbins, graph.GetX()[0], scaleXrange * (graph.GetX()[graph.GetN() - 1] + binw_x))
    return hist
 
 
def makeHist2D(name, xbins, ybins, graph2d):
    len_x = graph2d.GetXmax() - graph2d.GetXmin()
    binw_x = (len_x * 0.5 / (float(xbins) - 1.)) - 1E-5
    len_y = graph2d.GetYmax() - graph2d.GetYmin()
    binw_y = (len_y * 0.5 / (float(ybins) - 1.)) - 1E-5
    hist = R.TH2F(name, '', xbins, graph2d.GetXmin() - binw_x, graph2d.GetXmax() +
                  binw_x, ybins, graph2d.GetYmin() - binw_y, graph2d.GetYmax() + binw_y)
    return hist
 
 
def makeVarBinHist2D(name, xbins, ybins):
    # create new arrays in which bin low edge is adjusted to make measured
    # points at the bin centres
    xbins_new = [None] * (len(xbins) + 1)
    for i in range(len(xbins) - 1):
        if i == 0 or i == 1:
            xbins_new[i] = xbins[i] - ((xbins[i + 1] - xbins[i]) / 2) + 1E-5
        else:
            xbins_new[i] = xbins[i] - ((xbins[i + 1] - xbins[i]) / 2)
    xbins_new[len(xbins) - 1] = xbins[len(xbins) - 2] + \
        ((xbins[len(xbins) - 2] - xbins[len(xbins) - 3]) / 2)
    xbins_new[len(xbins)] = xbins[len(xbins) - 1] + \
        ((xbins[len(xbins) - 1] - xbins[len(xbins) - 2]) / 2) - 1E-5
 
    ybins_new = [None] * (len(ybins) + 1)
    for i in range(len(ybins) - 1):
        if i == 0 or i == 1:
            ybins_new[i] = ybins[i] - ((ybins[i + 1] - ybins[i]) / 2) + 1E-5
        else:
            ybins_new[i] = ybins[i] - ((ybins[i + 1] - ybins[i]) / 2)
    ybins_new[len(ybins) - 1] = ybins[len(ybins) - 2] + \
        ((ybins[len(ybins) - 2] - ybins[len(ybins) - 3]) / 2)
    ybins_new[len(ybins)] = ybins[len(ybins) - 1] + \
        ((ybins[len(ybins) - 1] - ybins[len(ybins) - 2]) / 2) - 1E-5
    hist = R.TH2F(name, '', len(
        xbins_new) - 1, array('d', xbins_new), len(ybins_new) - 1, array('d', ybins_new))
    return hist
 
 
def GraphDifference(graph1,graph2,relative):
    xvals =[]
    yvals =[]
    if graph1.GetN() != graph2.GetN():
        return graph1
    for i in range(graph1.GetN()):
        xvals.append(graph1.GetX()[i])
        if relative :
            yvals.append(2*abs(graph1.GetY()[i]-graph2.GetY()[i])/(graph1.GetY()[i]+graph2.GetY()[i]))
        else:
            yvals.append(2*(graph1.GetY()[i]-graph2.GetY()[i])/(graph1.GetY()[i]+graph2.GetY()[i]))
    diff_graph = R.TGraph(len(xvals),array('d',xvals),array('d',yvals))
    diff_graph.Sort()
    return diff_graph
 
 
def GraphDivide(num, den):
    res = num.Clone()
    for i in range(num.GetN()):
        res.GetY()[i] = res.GetY()[i]/den.Eval(res.GetX()[i])
    if type(res) is R.TGraphAsymmErrors:
        for i in range(num.GetN()):
            res.GetEYhigh()[i] = res.GetEYhigh()[i]/den.Eval(res.GetX()[i])
            res.GetEYlow()[i] = res.GetEYlow()[i]/den.Eval(res.GetX()[i])
 
    return res
 
 
def MakeRatioHist(num, den, num_err, den_err):
    """Make a new ratio TH1 from numerator and denominator TH1s with optional
    error propagation
 
    Args:
        num (TH1): Numerator histogram
        den (TH1): Denominator histogram
        num_err (bool): Propagate the error in the numerator TH1
        den_err (bool): Propagate the error in the denominator TH1
 
    Returns:
        TH1: A new TH1 containing the ratio
    """
    result = num.Clone()
    if not num_err:
        for i in range(1, result.GetNbinsX()+1):
            result.SetBinError(i, 0.)
    den_fix = den.Clone()
    if not den_err:
        for i in range(1, den_fix.GetNbinsX()+1):
            den_fix.SetBinError(i, 0.)
    result.Divide(den_fix)
    return result
 
 
 
 
def RemoveGraphXDuplicates(graph):
    i = 0
    while i < graph.GetN() - 1:
        if graph.GetX()[i + 1] == graph.GetX()[i]:
            # print 'Removing duplicate point (%f, %f)' % (graph.GetX()[i+1], graph.GetY()[i+1])
            graph.RemovePoint(i + 1)
        else:
            i += 1
 
 
def ApplyGraphYOffset(graph, y_off):
    for i in range(graph.GetN() - 1):
        graph.GetY()[i] = graph.GetY()[i] + y_off
 
 
def RemoveGraphYAll(graph, val):
    for i in range(graph.GetN()):
        if graph.GetY()[i] == val:
            print('[RemoveGraphYAll] Removing point (%f, %f)' % (graph.GetX()[i], graph.GetY()[i]))
            graph.RemovePoint(i)
            RemoveGraphYAll(graph, val)
            break
 
 
def RemoveSmallDelta(graph, val):
    for i in range(graph.GetN()):
        diff = abs(graph.GetY()[i])
        if diff < val:
            print('[RemoveSmallDelta] Removing point (%f, %f)' % (graph.GetX()[i], graph.GetY()[i]))
            graph.RemovePoint(i)
            RemoveSmallDelta(graph, val)
            break
 
 
def RemoveGraphYAbove(graph, val):
    for i in range(graph.GetN()):
        if graph.GetY()[i] > val:
            # print 'Removing point (%f, %f)' % (graph.GetX()[i],
            # graph.GetY()[i])
            graph.RemovePoint(i)
            RemoveGraphYAbove(graph, val)
            break
 
 
def SetMinToZero(graph):
    min = 999.
    minNum = -1
    for i in range(graph.GetN()):
        if graph.GetY()[i] < min :
            min = graph.GetY()[i]
            minNum = i
    for i in range(graph.GetN()):
        graph.SetPoint(i, graph.GetX()[i], graph.GetY()[i]-min)
 
 
 
def ImproveMinimum(graph, func, doIt=False):
    fit_x = 0.
    fit_y = 999.
    fit_i = 0
    for i in range(graph.GetN()):
        if graph.GetY()[i] < fit_y:
            fit_i = i
            fit_x = graph.GetX()[i]
            fit_y = graph.GetY()[i]
    if fit_i == 0 or fit_i == (graph.GetN() - 1):
        if doIt:
            min_x = graph.GetX()[fit_i]
            min_y = graph.GetY()[fit_i]
            for i in range(graph.GetN()):
                before = graph.GetY()[i]
                graph.GetY()[i] -= min_y
                after = graph.GetY()[i]
                print('Point %i, before=%f, after=%f' % (i, before, after))
        return (fit_x, fit_y)
    search_min = fit_i - 2 if fit_i >= 2 else fit_i - 1
    search_max = fit_i + 2 if fit_i + 2 < graph.GetN() else fit_i + 1
    min_x = func.GetMinimumX(graph.GetX()[search_min], graph.GetX()[search_max])
    min_y = func.Eval(min_x)
    print('[ImproveMinimum] Fit minimum was (%f, %f)' % (fit_x, fit_y))
    print('[ImproveMinimum] Better minimum was (%f, %f)' % (min_x, min_y))
    if doIt:
        for i in range(graph.GetN()):
            before = graph.GetY()[i]
            graph.GetY()[i] -= min_y
            after = graph.GetY()[i]
            print('Point %i, before=%f, after=%f' % (i, before, after))
        graph.Set(graph.GetN() + 1)
        graph.SetPoint(graph.GetN() - 1, min_x, 0)
        graph.Sort()
    return (min_x, min_y)
 
 
def FindCrossingsWithSpline(graph, func, yval):
    crossings = []
    intervals = []
    current = None
    for i in range(graph.GetN() - 1):
        if (graph.GetY()[i] - yval) * (graph.GetY()[i + 1] - yval) < 0.:
            cross = func.GetX(yval, graph.GetX()[i], graph.GetX()[i + 1])
            if (graph.GetY()[i] - yval) > 0. and current is None:
                current = {
                    'lo': cross,
                    'hi': graph.GetX()[graph.GetN() - 1],
                    'valid_lo': True,
                    'valid_hi': False
                }
            if (graph.GetY()[i] - yval) < 0. and current is None:
                current = {
                    'lo': graph.GetX()[0],
                    'hi': cross,
                    'valid_lo': False,
                    'valid_hi': True
                }
                intervals.append(current)
                current = None
            if (graph.GetY()[i] - yval) < 0. and current is not None:
                current['hi'] = cross
                current['valid_hi'] = True
                intervals.append(current)
                current = None
            # print 'Crossing between: (%f, %f) -> (%f, %f) at %f' %
            # (graph.GetX()[i], graph.GetY()[i], graph.GetX()[i+1],
            # graph.GetY()[i+1], cross)
            crossings.append(cross)
    if current is not None:
        intervals.append(current)
    if len(intervals) == 0:
        current = {
            'lo': graph.GetX()[0],
            'hi': graph.GetX()[graph.GetN() - 1],
            'valid_lo': False,
            'valid_hi': False
        }
        intervals.append(current)
    print(intervals)
    return intervals
    # return crossings
 
 
def ReZeroTGraph(gr, doIt=False):
    fit_x = 0.
    fit_y = 0.
    for i in range(gr.GetN()):
        if gr.GetY()[i] == 0.:
            fit_x = gr.GetX()[i]
            fit_y = gr.GetY()[i]
            break
    min_x = 0.
    min_y = 0.
    for i in range(gr.GetN()):
        if gr.GetY()[i] < min_y:
            min_y = gr.GetY()[i]
            min_x = gr.GetX()[i]
    if min_y < fit_y:
        print('[ReZeroTGraph] Fit minimum was (%f, %f)' % (fit_x, fit_y))
        print('[ReZeroTGraph] Better minimum was (%f, %f)' % (min_x, min_y))
        if doIt:
            for i in range(gr.GetN()):
                before = gr.GetY()[i]
                gr.GetY()[i] -= min_y
                after = gr.GetY()[i]
                # print 'Point %i, before=%f, after=%f' % (i, before, after)
    return min_y
 
def FilterGraph(gr, n=3):
    counter = 0
    remove_list = []
    for i in range(gr.GetN()):
        if gr.GetY()[i] == 0.:
            continue
        if counter % n < (n - 1):
            remove_list.append(i)
        counter += 1
 
    for i in reversed(remove_list):
        gr.RemovePoint(i)
 
 
def RemoveInXRange(gr, xmin=0, xmax=1):
    remove_list = []
    for i in range(gr.GetN()):
        if gr.GetY()[i] == 0.:
            continue
        if gr.GetX()[i] > xmin and gr.GetX()[i] < xmax:
            remove_list.append(i)
 
    for i in reversed(remove_list):
        gr.RemovePoint(i)
 
 
def RemoveNearMin(graph, val, spacing=None):
    # assume graph is sorted:
    n = graph.GetN()
    if n < 5:
        return
    if spacing is None:
        spacing = (graph.GetX()[n - 1] - graph.GetX()[0]) / float(n - 2)
        # print '[RemoveNearMin] Graph has spacing of %.3f' % spacing
    bf_i = None
    for i in range(graph.GetN()):
        if graph.GetY()[i] == 0.:
            bf = graph.GetX()[i]
            bf_i = i
            # print '[RemoveNearMin] Found best-fit at %.3f' % bf
            break
    if bf_i is None:
        print('[RemoveNearMin] No minimum found!')
        return
    for i in range(graph.GetN()):
        if i == bf_i:
            continue
        if abs(graph.GetX()[i] - bf) < (val * spacing):
            print('[RemoveNearMin] Removing point (%f, %f) close to minimum at %f' % (graph.GetX()[i], graph.GetY()[i], bf))
            graph.RemovePoint(i)
            RemoveNearMin(graph, val, spacing)
            break
 
 
def SortGraph(Graph):
    sortedGraph = R.TGraph()
    graph_list = []
    for i in range(Graph.GetN()):
        graph_list.append((float(Graph.GetX()[i]),  float(Graph.GetY()[i])))
    graph_list = sorted(set(graph_list))
    for i in range(Graph.GetN()):
        sortedGraph.SetPoint(i, graph_list[i][0], graph_list[i][1])
    return sortedGraph
 
 
 
 
 
 
def FixTopRange(pad, fix_y, fraction):
    hobj = GetAxisHist(pad)
    ymin = hobj.GetMinimum()
    hobj.SetMaximum((fix_y - fraction * ymin) / (1. - fraction))
    if R.gPad.GetLogy():
        if ymin == 0.:
            print('Cannot adjust log-scale y-axis range if the minimum is zero!')
            return
        maxval = (math.log10(fix_y) - fraction * math.log10(ymin)) / \
            (1 - fraction)
        maxval = math.pow(10, maxval)
        hobj.SetMaximum(maxval)
 
 
def FixBothRanges(pad, fix_y_lo, frac_lo, fix_y_hi, frac_hi):
    """Adjusts y-axis range such that a lower and a higher value are located a
    fixed fraction of the frame height away from a new minimum and maximum
    respectively.
 
    This function is useful in conjunction with GetPadYMax which returns the
    maximum or minimum y value of all histograms and graphs drawn on the pad.
 
    In the example below, the minimum and maximum values found via this function
    are used as the `fix_y_lo` and `fix_y_hi` arguments, and the spacing fractions
    as 0.15 and 0.30 respectively.
 
    @code
    FixBothRanges(pad, GetPadYMin(pad), 0.15, GetPadYMax(pad), 0.30)
    @endcode
 
    ![](figures/FixBothRanges.png)
 
    Args:
        pad (TPad): A TPad on which histograms and graphs have already been drawn
        fix_y_lo (float): The y value which will end up a fraction `frac_lo` above
                          the new axis minimum.
        frac_lo (float): A fraction of the y-axis height
        fix_y_hi (float): The y value which will end up a fraction `frac_hi` below
                         from the new axis maximum.
        frac_hi (float): A fraction of the y-axis height
    """
    hobj = GetAxisHist(pad)
    ymin = fix_y_lo
    ymax = fix_y_hi
    if R.gPad.GetLogy():
        if ymin == 0.:
            print('Cannot adjust log-scale y-axis range if the minimum is zero!')
            return
        ymin = math.log10(ymin)
        ymax = math.log10(ymax)
    fl = frac_lo
    fh = frac_hi
 
    ymaxn = (
        (1. / (1. - (fh*fl/((1.-fl)*(1.-fh))))) *
        (1. / (1. - fh)) *
        (ymax - fh*ymin)
        )
    yminn = (ymin - fl*ymaxn) / (1. - fl)
    if R.gPad.GetLogy():
        yminn = math.pow(10, yminn)
        ymaxn = math.pow(10, ymaxn)
    hobj.SetMinimum(yminn)
    hobj.SetMaximum(ymaxn)
 
 
def GetPadYMaxInRange(pad, x_min, x_max, do_min=False):
    pad_obs = pad.GetListOfPrimitives()
    if pad_obs is None:
        return 0.
    h_max = -99999.
    h_min = +99999.
    for obj in pad_obs:
        if obj.InheritsFrom(R.TH1.Class()):
            hobj = obj
            for j in range(1, hobj.GetNbinsX()+1):
                if (hobj.GetBinLowEdge(j) + hobj.GetBinWidth(j) < x_min or
                        hobj.GetBinLowEdge(j) > x_max):
                    continue
                if (hobj.GetBinContent(j) + hobj.GetBinError(j) > h_max):
                    h_max = hobj.GetBinContent(j) + hobj.GetBinError(j)
                if (hobj.GetBinContent(j) - hobj.GetBinError(j) < h_min) and not do_min:
                    # If we're looking for the minimum don't count TH1s
                    # because we probably only care about graphs
                    h_min = hobj.GetBinContent(j) - hobj.GetBinError(j)
        elif obj.InheritsFrom(R.TGraphAsymmErrors.Class()):
            gobj = obj
            n = gobj.GetN()
            for k in range(0, n):
                x = gobj.GetX()[k]
                y = gobj.GetY()[k]
                if x < x_min or x > x_max:
                    continue
                if (y + gobj.GetEYhigh()[k]) > h_max:
                    h_max = y + gobj.GetEYhigh()[k]
                if (y - gobj.GetEYlow()[k]) < h_min:
                    h_min = y - gobj.GetEYlow()[k]
        elif obj.InheritsFrom(R.TGraphErrors.Class()):
            gobj = obj
            n = gobj.GetN()
            for k in range(0, n):
                x = gobj.GetX()[k]
                y = gobj.GetY()[k]
                if x < x_min or x > x_max:
                    continue
                if (y + gobj.GetEY()[k]) > h_max:
                    h_max = y + gobj.GetEY()[k]
                if (y - gobj.GetEY()[k]) < h_min:
                    h_min = y - gobj.GetEY()[k]
        elif obj.InheritsFrom(R.TGraph.Class()):
            gobj = obj
            n = gobj.GetN()
            for k in range(0, n):
                x = gobj.GetX()[k]
                y = gobj.GetY()[k]
                if x < x_min or x > x_max:
                    continue
                if y > h_max:
                    h_max = y
                if y < h_min:
                    h_min = y
    return h_max if do_min is False else h_min
 
 
def GetPadYMax(pad, do_min=False):
    pad_obs = pad.GetListOfPrimitives()
    if pad_obs is None:
        return 0.
    xmin = GetAxisHist(pad).GetXaxis().GetXmin()
    xmax = GetAxisHist(pad).GetXaxis().GetXmax()
    return GetPadYMaxInRange(pad, xmin, xmax, do_min)
 
 
def GetPadYMin(pad):
    return GetPadYMax(pad, True)
 
 
def FixOverlay():
    R.gPad.GetFrame().Draw()
    R.gPad.RedrawAxis()
 
 
def FixBoxPadding(pad, box, frac):
    # Get the bounds of the box - these are in the normalised
    # Pad co-ordinates.
    p_x1 = box.GetX1()
    p_x2 = box.GetX2()
    p_y1 = box.GetY1()
 
    #Convert to normalised co-ordinates in the frame
    f_x1 = (p_x1 - pad.GetLeftMargin()) / (1. - pad.GetLeftMargin() - pad.GetRightMargin())
    f_x2 = (p_x2 - pad.GetLeftMargin()) / (1. - pad.GetLeftMargin() - pad.GetRightMargin())
    f_y1 = (p_y1 - pad.GetBottomMargin()) / (1. - pad.GetTopMargin() - pad.GetBottomMargin())
 
    # Extract histogram providing the frame and axes
    hobj = GetAxisHist(pad)
 
    xmin = hobj.GetBinLowEdge(hobj.GetXaxis().GetFirst())
    xmax = hobj.GetBinLowEdge(hobj.GetXaxis().GetLast()+1)
    ymin = hobj.GetMinimum()
    ymax = hobj.GetMaximum()
 
    # Convert box bounds to x-axis values
    a_x1 = xmin + (xmax - xmin) * f_x1
    a_x2 = xmin + (xmax - xmin) * f_x2
 
    # Get the histogram maximum in this range, given as y-axis value
    a_max_h = GetPadYMaxInRange(pad, a_x1, a_x2)
 
    # Convert this to a normalised frame value
    f_max_h = (a_max_h - ymin) / (ymax - ymin);
    if R.gPad.GetLogy() and f_max_h > 0.:
        f_max_h = (math.log10(a_max_h) - math.log10(ymin)) / (math.log10(ymax) - math.log10(ymin))
 
    if f_y1 - f_max_h < frac:
        f_target = 1. - (f_y1 - frac)
        FixTopRange(pad, a_max_h, f_target)
 
 
 
 
 
 
def StandardAxes(xaxis, yaxis, var, units):
    width = xaxis.GetBinWidth(1)
    w_label = "%.1f" % width
    if units == "":
        xaxis.SetTitle(var)
        yaxis.SetTitle("Events / " + w_label)
    else:
        xaxis.SetTitle(var + " (" + units + ")")
        yaxis.SetTitle("Events / " + w_label + " " + units)
 
 
def DrawCMSLogo(pad, cmsText, extraText, iPosX, relPosX, relPosY, relExtraDY, extraText2='', cmsTextSize=0.8):
    """Blah
 
    Args:
        pad (TYPE): Description
        cmsText (TYPE): Description
        extraText (TYPE): Description
        iPosX (TYPE): Description
        relPosX (TYPE): Description
        relPosY (TYPE): Description
        relExtraDY (TYPE): Description
        extraText2 (str): Description
        cmsTextSize (float): Description
 
    Returns:
        TYPE: Description
    """
    pad.cd()
    cmsTextFont = 62  # default is helvetic-bold
 
    writeExtraText = len(extraText) > 0
    writeExtraText2 = len(extraText2) > 0
    extraTextFont = 52
 
    # text sizes and text offsets with respect to the top frame
    # in unit of the top margin size
    lumiTextOffset = 0.2
    # cmsTextSize = 0.8
    # float cmsTextOffset    = 0.1;  // only used in outOfFrame version
 
    # ratio of 'CMS' and extra text size
    extraOverCmsTextSize = 0.76
 
    outOfFrame = False
    if iPosX / 10 == 0:
        outOfFrame = True
 
    alignY_ = 3
    alignX_ = 2
    if (iPosX / 10 == 0):
        alignX_ = 1
    if (iPosX == 0):
        alignX_ = 1
    if (iPosX == 0):
        alignY_ = 1
    if (iPosX / 10 == 1):
        alignX_ = 1
    if (iPosX / 10 == 2):
        alignX_ = 2
    if (iPosX / 10 == 3):
        alignX_ = 3
    # if (iPosX == 0): relPosX = 0.14
    align_ = 10 * alignX_ + alignY_
 
    l = pad.GetLeftMargin()
    t = pad.GetTopMargin()
    r = pad.GetRightMargin()
    b = pad.GetBottomMargin()
 
    latex = R.TLatex()
    latex.SetNDC()
    latex.SetTextAngle(0)
    latex.SetTextColor(R.kBlack)
 
    extraTextSize = extraOverCmsTextSize * cmsTextSize
    pad_ratio = (float(pad.GetWh()) * pad.GetAbsHNDC()) / \
        (float(pad.GetWw()) * pad.GetAbsWNDC())
    if (pad_ratio < 1.):
        pad_ratio = 1.
 
    if outOfFrame:
        latex.SetTextFont(cmsTextFont)
        latex.SetTextAlign(11)
        latex.SetTextSize(cmsTextSize * t * (1./pad_ratio))
        latex.DrawLatex(l, 1 - t + lumiTextOffset * t, cmsText)
 
    posX_ = 0
    if iPosX % 10 <= 1:
        posX_ = l + relPosX * (1 - l - r)
    elif (iPosX % 10 == 2):
        posX_ = l + 0.5 * (1 - l - r)
    elif (iPosX % 10 == 3):
        posX_ = 1 - r - relPosX * (1 - l - r)
 
    posY_ = 1 - t - relPosY * (1 - t - b)
    if not outOfFrame:
        latex.SetTextFont(cmsTextFont)
        latex.SetTextSize(cmsTextSize * t * pad_ratio)
        latex.SetTextAlign(align_)
        latex.DrawLatex(posX_, posY_, cmsText)
        if writeExtraText:
            latex.SetTextFont(extraTextFont)
            latex.SetTextAlign(align_)
            latex.SetTextSize(extraTextSize * t * pad_ratio)
            latex.DrawLatex(
                posX_, posY_ - relExtraDY * cmsTextSize * t, extraText)
            if writeExtraText2:
                latex.DrawLatex(
                    posX_, posY_ - 1.8 * relExtraDY * cmsTextSize * t, extraText2)
    elif writeExtraText:
        if iPosX == 0:
            posX_ = l + relPosX * (1 - l - r)
            posY_ = 1 - t + lumiTextOffset * t
        latex.SetTextFont(extraTextFont)
        latex.SetTextSize(extraTextSize * t * (1./pad_ratio))
        latex.SetTextAlign(align_)
        latex.DrawLatex(posX_, posY_, extraText)
 
 
def PositionedLegend(width, height, pos, offset, horizontaloffset=None):
    o = offset
    ho = horizontaloffset
    if not ho:
        ho = o
    w = width
    h = height
    l = R.gPad.GetLeftMargin()
    t = R.gPad.GetTopMargin()
    b = R.gPad.GetBottomMargin()
    r = R.gPad.GetRightMargin()
    if pos == 1:
        return R.TLegend(l + ho, 1 - t - o - h, l + ho + w, 1 - t - o, '', 'NBNDC')
    if pos == 2:
        c = l + 0.5 * (1 - l - r)
        return R.TLegend(c - 0.5 * w, 1 - t - o - h, c + 0.5 * w, 1 - t - o, '', 'NBNDC')
    if pos == 3:
        return R.TLegend(1 - r - ho - w, 1 - t - o - h, 1 - r - ho, 1 - t - o, '', 'NBNDC')
    if pos == 4:
        return R.TLegend(l + ho, b + o, l + ho + w, b + o + h, '', 'NBNDC')
    if pos == 5:
        c = l + 0.5 * (1 - l - r)
        return R.TLegend(c - 0.5 * w, b + o, c + 0.5 * w, b + o + h, '', 'NBNDC')
    if pos == 6:
        return R.TLegend(1 - r - ho - w, b + o, 1 - r - ho, b + o + h, '', 'NBNDC')
 
 
def DrawHorizontalLine(pad, line, yval):
    axis = GetAxisHist(pad)
    xmin = axis.GetXaxis().GetXmin()
    xmax = axis.GetXaxis().GetXmax()
    line.DrawLine(xmin, yval, xmax, yval)
 
 
def DrawVerticalLine(pad, line, xval):
    axis = GetAxisHist(pad)
    ymin = axis.GetYaxis().GetXmin()
    ymax = axis.GetYaxis().GetXmax()
    line.DrawLine(xval, ymin, xval, ymax)
 
def DrawVerticalBand(pad, box, x1, x2):
    axis = GetAxisHist(pad)
    ymin = axis.GetYaxis().GetXmin()
    ymax = axis.GetYaxis().GetXmax()
    box.DrawBox(x1, ymin, x2, ymax)
 
 
def DrawTitle(pad, text, align, textOffset=0.2,textSize=0.6):
    pad_backup = R.gPad
    pad.cd()
    t = pad.GetTopMargin()
    l = pad.GetLeftMargin()
    r = pad.GetRightMargin()
 
    pad_ratio = (float(pad.GetWh()) * pad.GetAbsHNDC()) / \
        (float(pad.GetWw()) * pad.GetAbsWNDC())
    if pad_ratio < 1.:
        pad_ratio = 1.
 
    latex = R.TLatex()
    latex.SetNDC()
    latex.SetTextAngle(0)
    latex.SetTextColor(R.kBlack)
    latex.SetTextFont(42)
    latex.SetTextSize(textSize * t * pad_ratio)
 
    y_off = 1 - t + textOffset * t
    if align == 1:
        latex.SetTextAlign(11)
    if align == 1:
        latex.DrawLatex(l, y_off, text)
    if align == 2:
        latex.SetTextAlign(21)
    if align == 2:
        latex.DrawLatex(l + (1 - l - r) * 0.5, y_off, text)
    if align == 3:
        latex.SetTextAlign(31)
    if align == 3:
        latex.DrawLatex(1 - r, y_off, text)
    pad_backup.cd()
 
 
 
 
 
 
def isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-9, abs_tol=0.0):
    return abs(a-b) <= max(abs_tol, rel_tol * max(abs(a),abs(b)))
 
def StyleLimitBand(graph_dict, overwrite_style_dict=None):
    style_dict = {
            'obs' : { 'LineWidth' : 2},
            'exp0' : { 'LineWidth' : 2, 'LineColor' : R.kRed},
            'exp1' : { 'FillColor' : R.kGreen},
            'exp2' : { 'FillColor' : R.kYellow}
            }
    if overwrite_style_dict is not None:
        for key in overwrite_style_dict:
            if key in style_dict:
                style_dict[key].update(overwrite_style_dict[key])
            else:
                style_dict[key] = overwrite_style_dict[key]
    for key in graph_dict:
        Set(graph_dict[key],**style_dict[key])
 
def DrawLimitBand(pad, graph_dict, draw=['exp2', 'exp1', 'exp0', 'obs'], draw_legend=None,
                  legend=None, legend_overwrite=None):
    legend_dict = {
        'obs' : { 'Label' : 'Observed', 'LegendStyle' : 'LP', 'DrawStyle' : 'PLSAME'},
        'exp0' : { 'Label' : 'Expected', 'LegendStyle' : 'L', 'DrawStyle' : 'LSAME'},
        'exp1' : { 'Label' : '#pm1#sigma Expected', 'LegendStyle' : 'F', 'DrawStyle' : '3SAME'},
        'exp2' : { 'Label' : '#pm2#sigma Expected', 'LegendStyle' : 'F', 'DrawStyle' : '3SAME'}
    }
    if legend_overwrite is not None:
        for key in legend_overwrite:
            if key in legend_dict:
                legend_dict[key].update(legend_overwrite[key])
            else:
                legend_dict[key] = legend_overwrite[key]
    pad.cd()
    for key in draw:
        if key in graph_dict:
            graph_dict[key].Draw(legend_dict[key]['DrawStyle'])
    if legend is not None:
        if draw_legend is None:
            draw_legend = reversed(draw)
        for key in draw_legend:
            if key in graph_dict:
                legend.AddEntry(graph_dict[key],legend_dict[key]['Label'],legend_dict[key]['LegendStyle'])
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
def contourFromTH2(h2in, threshold, minPoints=10, frameValue=1000.):
    # // http://root.cern.ch/root/html/tutorials/hist/ContourList.C.html
    contoursList = [threshold]
    contours = array('d', contoursList)
    # if (h2in.GetNbinsX() * h2in.GetNbinsY()) > 10000: minPoints = 50
    # if (h2in.GetNbinsX() * h2in.GetNbinsY()) <= 100: minPoints = 10
 
    h2 = frameTH2D(h2in, threshold, frameValue)
 
    h2.SetContour(1, contours)
 
    # Draw contours as filled regions, and Save points
    # backup = R.gPad # doesn't work in pyroot, backup behaves like a ref to gPad
    canv = R.TCanvas('tmp', 'tmp')
    canv.cd()
    h2.Draw('CONT Z LIST')
    R.gPad.Update()  # Needed to force the plotting and retrieve the contours in
 
    conts = R.gROOT.GetListOfSpecials().FindObject('contours')
    contLevel = None
 
    if conts is None or conts.GetSize() == 0:
        print('*** No Contours Were Extracted!')
        return None
    ret = R.TList()
    for i in range(conts.GetSize()):
        contLevel = conts.At(i)
        print('>> Contour %d has %d Graphs' % (i, contLevel.GetSize()))
        for j in range(contLevel.GetSize()):
            gr1 = contLevel.At(j)
            print('\t Graph %d has %d points' % (j, gr1.GetN()))
            if gr1.GetN() > minPoints:
                ret.Add(gr1.Clone())
            # // break;
    # backup.cd()
    canv.Close()
    return ret
 
 
def frameTH2D(hist, threshold, frameValue=1000):
    # Now supports variable-binned histograms First adds a narrow frame (1% of
    # of bin widths) around the outside with same values as the real edge. Then
    # adds another frame another frame around this one filled with some chosen
    # value that will make the contours close
 
    # Get lists of the bin edges
    x_bins = [hist.GetXaxis().GetBinLowEdge(x)
              for x in range(1, hist.GetNbinsX() + 2)]
    y_bins = [hist.GetYaxis().GetBinLowEdge(y)
              for y in range(1, hist.GetNbinsY() + 2)]
 
    # New bin edge arrays will need an extra four values
    x_new = [0.] * (len(x_bins) + 4)
    y_new = [0.] * (len(y_bins) + 4)
 
    # Calculate bin widths at the edges
    xw1 = x_bins[1] - x_bins[0]
    xw2 = x_bins[-1] - x_bins[-2]
    yw1 = y_bins[1] - y_bins[0]
    yw2 = y_bins[-1] - y_bins[-2]
 
    # Set the edges of the outer framing bins and the adjusted
    # edge of the real edge bins
    x_new[0] = x_bins[0] - 2 * xw1 * 0.02
    x_new[1] = x_bins[0] - 1 * xw1 * 0.02
    x_new[-1] = x_bins[-1] + 2 * xw2 * 0.02
    x_new[-2] = x_bins[-1] + 1 * xw2 * 0.02
    y_new[0] = y_bins[0] - 2 * yw1 * 0.02
    y_new[1] = y_bins[0] - 1 * yw1 * 0.02
    y_new[-1] = y_bins[-1] + 2 * yw2 * 0.02
    y_new[-2] = y_bins[-1] + 1 * yw2 * 0.02
 
    # Copy the remaining bin edges from the hist
    for i in range(0, len(x_bins)):
        x_new[i + 2] = x_bins[i]
    for i in range(0, len(y_bins)):
        y_new[i + 2] = y_bins[i]
 
    # print x_new
    # print y_new
 
    framed = R.TH2D('%s framed' % hist.GetName(), '%s framed' % hist.GetTitle(), len(
        x_new) - 1, array('d', x_new), len(y_new) - 1, array('d', y_new))
    framed.SetDirectory(0)
 
    for x in range(1, framed.GetNbinsX() + 1):
        for y in range(1, framed.GetNbinsY() + 1):
            if x == 1 or x == framed.GetNbinsX() or y == 1 or y == framed.GetNbinsY():
        # This is a a frame bin
                framed.SetBinContent(x, y, frameValue)
            else:
                # adjust x and y if we're in the first frame so as to copy the output
                # values from the real TH2
                ux = x
                uy = y
                if x == 2:
                    ux += 1
                elif x == (len(x_new) - 2):
                    ux -= 1
                if y == 2:
                    uy += 1
                elif y == (len(y_new) - 2):
                    uy -= 1
                framed.SetBinContent(x, y, hist.GetBinContent(ux - 2, uy - 2))
    return framed
 
def fastFillTH2(hist2d, graph, initalValue=99999, interpolateMissing=False):
    for x in range(1,hist2d.GetNbinsX()+1):
        for y in range(1,hist2d.GetNbinsY()+1):
            hist2d.SetBinContent(x,y,initalValue)
    # for i in xrange(graph.GetN()):
        # hist2d.Fill(graph.GetX()[i],graph.GetY()[i],graph.GetZ()[i])
    for i in range(graph.GetN()):
        xbin = hist2d.GetXaxis().FindBin(graph.GetX()[i])
        ybin = hist2d.GetYaxis().FindBin(graph.GetY()[i])
        if isclose(hist2d.GetXaxis().GetBinCenter(xbin), graph.GetX()[i], rel_tol=1e-2) and isclose(hist2d.GetYaxis().GetBinCenter(ybin), graph.GetY()[i], rel_tol=1e-2):
            hist2d.SetBinContent(xbin, ybin, graph.GetZ()[i])
    interpolated = 0
    if interpolateMissing:
        for x in range(1,hist2d.GetNbinsX()+1):
            for y in range(1,hist2d.GetNbinsY()+1):
                if hist2d.GetBinContent(x,y) == initalValue:
                    interpolated += 1
                    hist2d.SetBinContent(x, y, graph.Interpolate(hist2d.GetXaxis().GetBinCenter(x),hist2d.GetYaxis().GetBinCenter(y)))
 
def fillTH2(hist2d, graph):
    for x in range(1, hist2d.GetNbinsX() + 1):
        for y in range(1, hist2d.GetNbinsY() + 1):
            xc = hist2d.GetXaxis().GetBinCenter(x)
            yc = hist2d.GetYaxis().GetBinCenter(y)
            val = graph.Interpolate(xc, yc)
            hist2d.SetBinContent(x, y, val)
 
def fillInvertedTH2(hist2d, graph):
    for x in range(1, hist2d.GetNbinsX() + 1):
        for y in range(1, hist2d.GetNbinsY() + 1):
            xc = hist2d.GetXaxis().GetBinCenter(x)
            yc = hist2d.GetYaxis().GetBinCenter(y)
            val = graph.Interpolate(xc, yc)
            hist2d.SetBinContent(x, y, 1-val)
 
 
 
# Functions 'NewInterpolate' and 'rebin' are taken, translated and modified into python from:
# https://indico.cern.ch/event/256523/contribution/2/attachments/450198/624259/07JUN2013_cawest.pdf
# http://hep.ucsb.edu/people/cawest/interpolation/interpolate.h
def NewInterpolate(hist):
    histCopy = hist.Clone()
 
    # make temporary histograms to store the results of both steps
    hist_step1 = histCopy.Clone()
    hist_step1.Reset()
    hist_step2 = histCopy.Clone()
    hist_step2.Reset()
 
    nBinsX = histCopy.GetNbinsX()
    nBinsY = histCopy.GetNbinsY()
 
    xMin = 1
    yMin = 1
    xMax = histCopy.GetNbinsX() + 1
    yMax = histCopy.GetNbinsY() + 1
 
    for i in range(1, nBinsX + 1):
        for j in range(1, nBinsY + 1):
            # do not extrapolate outside the scan
            if (i < xMin) or (i > xMax) or (j < yMin) or (j > yMax):
                continue
            binContent = histCopy.GetBinContent(i, j)
            binContentNW = histCopy.GetBinContent(i + 1, j + 1)
            binContentSE = histCopy.GetBinContent(i - 1, j - 1)
            binContentNE = histCopy.GetBinContent(i + 1, j - 1)
            binContentSW = histCopy.GetBinContent(i - 1, j + 1)
            binContentUp = histCopy.GetBinContent(i, j + 1)
            binContentDown = histCopy.GetBinContent(i, j - 1)
            binContentLeft = histCopy.GetBinContent(i - 1, j)
            binContentRight = histCopy.GetBinContent(i + 1, j)
            nFilled = 0
            if(binContentNW > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContentSE > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContentNE > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContentSW > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContentUp > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContentDown > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContentRight > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContentLeft > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            # if we are at an empty bin and there are neighbors
            # in specified direction with non-zero entries
            if(binContent == 0) and (nFilled > 1):
        # average over non-zero entries
                binContent = (binContentNW + binContentSE + binContentNE + binContentSW +
                              binContentUp + binContentDown + binContentRight + binContentLeft) / nFilled
                hist_step1.SetBinContent(i, j, binContent)
 
           # add result of interpolation
    histCopy.Add(hist_step1)
 
    for i in range(1, nBinsX):
        for j in range(1, nBinsY):
            if(i < xMin) or (i > xMax) or (j < yMin) or (j > yMax):
                continue
            binContent = histCopy.GetBinContent(i, j)
            # get entries for "Swiss Cross" average
            binContentUp = histCopy.GetBinContent(i, j + 1)
            binContentDown = histCopy.GetBinContent(i, j - 1)
            binContentLeft = histCopy.GetBinContent(i - 1, j)
            binContentRight = histCopy.GetBinContent(i + 1, j)
            nFilled = 0
            if(binContentUp > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContentDown > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContentRight > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContentLeft > 0):
                nFilled += 1
            if(binContent == 0) and (nFilled > 0):
                # only average over non-zero entries
                binContent = (
                    binContentUp + binContentDown + binContentRight + binContentLeft) / nFilled
                hist_step2.SetBinContent(i, j, binContent)
    # add "Swiss Cross" average
    histCopy.Add(hist_step2)
 
    return histCopy
 
 
def rebin(hist):
    histName = hist.GetName()
    histName += "_rebin"
 
    # bin widths are needed so as to not shift histogram by half a bin with each rebinning
    # assume constant binning
    #  binWidthX = hist.GetXaxis().GetBinWidth(1)
    #  binWidthY = hist.GetYaxis().GetBinWidth(1)
 
    #  histRebinned = R.TH2F(histName, histName, 2*hist.GetNbinsX(), hist.GetXaxis().GetXmin()+binWidthX/4, hist.GetXaxis().GetXmax()+binWidthX/4, 2*hist.GetNbinsY(), hist.GetYaxis().GetXmin()+binWidthY/4, hist.GetYaxis().GetXmax()+binWidthY/4)
    histRebinned = R.TH2F(histName, histName, 2 * hist.GetNbinsX() - 1, hist.GetXaxis().GetXmin(),
                          hist.GetXaxis().GetXmax(), 2 * hist.GetNbinsY() - 1, hist.GetYaxis().GetXmin(), hist.GetYaxis().GetXmax())
 
    # copy results from previous histogram
    for iX in range(1, hist.GetNbinsX() + 1):
        for iY in range(1, hist.GetNbinsY() + 1):
            binContent = hist.GetBinContent(iX, iY)
            histRebinned.SetBinContent(2 * iX - 1, 2 * iY - 1, binContent)
    histRebinned.SetMaximum(hist.GetMaximum())
    histRebinned.SetMinimum(hist.GetMinimum())
 
    # use interpolation to re-fill histogram
    histRebinnedInterpolated = NewInterpolate(histRebinned)
 
    return histRebinnedInterpolated
 
 
def higgsConstraint(model, higgstype):
    higgsBand = R.TGraph2D()
    masslow = 150
    masshigh = 500
    massstep = 10
    n = 0
    for mass in range(masslow, masshigh, massstep):
        myfile = open("../../HiggsAnalysis/HiggsToTauTau/data/Higgs125/" +
                      model + "/higgs_" + str(mass) + ".dat", 'r')
        for line in myfile:
            tanb = (line.split())[0]
            mh = float((line.split())[1])
            mH = float((line.split())[3])
            if higgstype == "h":
                higgsBand.SetPoint(n, mass, float(tanb), mh)
            elif higgstype == "H":
                higgsBand.SetPoint(n, mass, float(tanb), mH)
            n = n + 1
        myfile.close()
    return higgsBand
 
 
def getOverlayMarkerAndLegend(legend, entries, options, borderSize=2.0/3, markerStyle="P"):
    borderLegend = legend.Clone()
    borderLegend.Clear()
    graphs = []
    for i in range(legend.GetNRows()):
        if i in entries:
            graph = entries[i].Clone()
            options[i]["MarkerSize"] = graph.GetMarkerSize()*borderSize
            Set(graph,**options[i])
            borderLegend.AddEntry(graph, " ", markerStyle)
            graphs.append(graph)
        else:
            borderLegend.AddEntry("", " ", "")
    borderLegend.SetFillStyle(0)
    borderLegend.SetFillColor(0)
    return (borderLegend,graphs)